Gardening Recipes

How to process and eat your incredible edible pumpkin

How to process and eat your incredible edible pumpkin thumbnail

Are you trying to figure out how to process and eat a pumpkin? Want to know which parts of a pumpkin plant are edible? You’re in the right place!


Pumpkin Part 2: How to Use Fresh Pumpkin - Tyrant Farms
This is Part 2 in our pumpkin series. Make sure you didn’t miss the first article all about pumpkin history, folklore, and interesting pumpkin facts.

Grow your own pumpkins to enjoy all their edible parts!

One of the many benefits of growing your own pumpkins instead of buying canned pumpkin from the grocery store is that you can eat every part of the plant.

Yes, pumpkin flowers, leaves, stems, seeds, and flesh (including pumpkin skin) are all edible!

Why else would you grow your own pumpkins? You might enjoy growing unusual heirloom varieties of pumpkins for their unique characteristics…

Left: Long Island Cheese pumpkin (ideal for pumpkin pie, pumpkin pudding, etc.). Right: Pipian from Tuxpan winter squash/pumpkin, a rare heirloom bred for its large edible seeds.

Left: Long Island Cheese pumpkin is ideal for making into pumpkin pie, pudding, and other sweet and savory pumpkin recipes. Right: Pipian from Tuxpan winter squash/pumpkin is a rare heirloom bred for its large edible seeds, but its flesh is more akin to a summer squash.

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15 Comments

  • Reply
    Mbo
    March 9, 2023 at 1:58 am

    It is so strange to me – and other Australians – that the US doesn’t do any of the top 3 things we do with pumpkins. We eat them roasted along with other veggies, we love pumpkin soup, and we make pumpkin scones. A forrest of pumpkins is growing in my garden and now I’m looking forward to learning new ways to eat pumpkins, especially the flowers. I hope you will try pumpkin soup – roast the pumpkin with some onion and garlic, add to a pot with stock (I use chicken but can be veg), simmer, season, blend, serve with sour cream, chives and some bacon bits if you’re into that.

    • Reply
      Aaron von Frank
      March 9, 2023 at 12:17 pm

      It’s also strange to me that people in the US don’t eat their pumpkins… and I live here! Oddly, we here in the US love pumpkin pies on certain holidays, but those pies are almost always pre-made and purchased from grocery stores – or at best made from canned pumpkins. Meanwhile, the “decorations” (edible pumpkins) people leave sitting on their front porches for Halloween and Thanksgiving end up being wasted. Apparently, slicing and cooking an actual pumpkin is too difficult or foreign a concept. Cheers to you all in Australia if eating actual pumpkins is something that is still considered conventional practice!

  • Reply
    Cindy
    November 15, 2022 at 12:12 pm

    The skins make excellent and nutritious dog treats when dehydrated & the liquid from cooking/draining the pumpkin can be boiled down into a yummy syrup with no added sugar. I also dehydrate the puree to crush it into pumpkin powder which is fantastic for a dog’s occasional diarrhea.

  • Reply
    Carol
    March 25, 2022 at 11:16 pm

    I dry my pumpkin flowers, whizz into a powder and put a little into my bread mix.

    • Reply
      Aaron von Frank
      March 29, 2022 at 12:06 pm

      Ooh, sounds like a good use of pumpkin flowers! Are you able to add enough pumpkin flower powder to affect the color or flavor of the bread?

  • Reply
    Laurie Higgins
    October 31, 2021 at 10:13 am

    I learned how to bake the pumpkin to get to the puree. However, sautéing the seeds was not worth the effort.

    • Reply
      Aaron von Frank
      October 31, 2021 at 5:21 pm

      Most pumpkin seeds are fibrous and crunchy. Perhaps they’re an acquired taste. I grew up eating them every fall and love them, but can certainly see how other people might not. However, there are hulless pumpkin seeds that you’d probably like much better. Those are what are sold commercially as pumpkin seeds, made into pumpkin seed nut butter, etc. Our favorite hulless pumpkin variety is Styrian – perhaps give those a shot next year.

    • Reply
      Sean
      October 2, 2022 at 7:13 pm

      Bake em in a single layer at 375F and they get nice and crispy…. Great movie night snack

  • Reply
    Worldview
    January 17, 2019 at 2:45 pm

    I was wanting to know how you prepare the stems – not a word on that topic, despite the promise of the introduction.
    I lived in Austria for three decades and their pumpkin seed oil is to die for. Good on salads, good on vanilla ice cream (not so much for cooking).

    • Reply
      Worldview
      January 17, 2019 at 2:45 pm

      So, there really isn’t any way to cook and serve pumpkin vines and stems. It was just hyperbole on your part.

  • Reply
    Andrea Deyrup
    January 17, 2019 at 2:44 pm

    I make a heck of a champagne with an heirloom pumpkin variety that has been in Tony’s family for generations!

    • Reply
      susan von frank
      January 17, 2019 at 2:45 pm

      Hey, now… You can’t just drop that sort of information here without at least hinting at a recipe for your “pumpkin champagne.” Is it a secret? If you don’t want to go fully public, you know how to email us. 🙂

      • Reply
        pavithra
        November 4, 2020 at 10:09 am

        what about hair like thing in the pumpkin

        • Aaron von Frank
          November 4, 2020 at 11:50 am

          The fibrous tissue inside the pumpkin that connects the seeds to the outer flesh is called the pulp, which is technically placental tissue that pumps nutrients and water into the developing seeds. It might look weird or gross, but it’s perfectly edible, highly flavorful, and packed full of nutrients. By the time the pulp is blended into pumpkin puree, you won’t even notice the texture, but it will give a flavor and nutrient boost to your final puree.

  • Reply
    Recipe: Disappearing Whole Wheat Spiced Pumpkin Pancakes
    November 8, 2012 at 7:47 pm

    […] Click here to read our post showing you how you can easily process your own fresh pumpkin into a puree that can be used in lots of different pumpkin recipes, including this delicious, whole wheat pumpkin pancake recipe.     […]

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Foraged Recipes

Fermented crabapple cider with beautyberries (simple, bubbly, delicious)

Fermented crabapple cider with beautyberries (simple, bubbly, delicious) thumbnail

With a pile of crabapples and American beautyberries in hand, we set out to create a simple sparkling cider that you can make without specialized equipment or commercial yeast. We think you’ll love the results as much as we do: fermented crabapple-beautyberry cider! 


You’ll be amazed by how easy it is to make this fermented crabapple and beautyberry cider recipe. Special thanks to Aunt Anne & Bets for alerting us to their crabapple tree – we owe you a bottle!

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4 Comments

  • Reply
    Mindy
    August 6, 2024 at 2:22 pm

    Looking forward to this! what is the purpose of citric acid? Also why both maple syrup and sugar?

    • Reply
      Aaron von Frank
      August 7, 2024 at 12:00 pm

      Citric acid raises the acidity levels to help improve the taste/balance the sweet while also promoting the right types of microorganisms. The sugar in both the cane sugar and the maple syrup will help feed the microbes and create the bubbles. The maple syrup also adds a very unique and delicious flavor. Enjoy!

  • Reply
    Mindy
    August 6, 2024 at 2:21 pm

    Also why both maple syrup and sugar?

    thanks!

  • Reply
    Mindy
    August 6, 2024 at 2:19 pm

    Looking forward to trying this. What is the purpose of the citric acid?

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Gardening

How to grow citrus from cuttings – with nurseryman Ryan Merck

How to grow citrus from cuttings - with nurseryman Ryan Merck thumbnail

Find out when, why, and how to grow citrus trees from cuttings in this helpful guide (assisted by nurseryman Ryan Merck of Blue Oak Horticulture). 


Over the past decade, we’ve successfully grown over a dozen varieties of citrus in pots in Greenville, SC (ag zone 7b). Years back, we also successfully grew cuttings from our Meyer lemon and Buddha’s hand citron trees.

As a result, we now have three mature and highly productive Meyer lemon trees and two Buddhas growing in large pots. We’re now pretty well maxed out on the number of citrus trees we can grow in our small space, but our friend Ryan Merck has no such limitations. 

Ryan is the owner of Blue Oak Horticulture, which offers a wide variety of edible and ornamental plants to Upstate South Carolina home owners, farmers, and businesses. While his primary passion is native plants, he also has a fondness for citrus. 

Ryan also has an incredible passive solar greenhouse he designed and built himself (perfect for citrus cultivation!), which we featured on our sister site, GrowJourney. Given his space and interest in citrus, Ryan decided to use cuttings from our citrus trees to start growing his own. 

Below, we’ll detail Ryan’s step-by-step methods of propagating citrus trees from cuttings and his tips for helping you do the same. 

Here are a few of the reasons we grow and propagate our own citrus, despite it being a lot of work.

Here are a few of the delicious reasons we grow and propagate our own citrus, despite it being a lot of work.

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2 Comments

  • Reply
    Pio Sanoguet
    August 13, 2023 at 8:45 am

    Thanks a lot for the information
    I want to start a Horticulture project with my students and integrate with the Biology class and besides I am interestes in citrus trees Many of the citrus varieties in Puerto Rico are disapearing due to climate change and Citrus Green. Last year I had a strong desire for a real Grapefruit not a Pomelo one, and i told my wife”You know what if I see someone sealing grapefruts on the side of the road like the ones I use to eat abundantly when I was a kid, I would give $ 5.00 for one grapefruit.
    The citrus green has done a lot of damage, Aparently in a Australia there is a variety of a plant thar has a Peptide that is resistent to Citrus green, not too many people have access to iit. There is also a home test in putting Iodine inthe suspected trees to see if have the condition and is not a nutritional deficiency.
    Bless You All, Health and Prosperity to your family

    Mr Sanoguet

    • Reply
      Aaron von Frank
      August 14, 2023 at 2:42 pm

      Thanks Mr Sanoguet! Yes, citrus greening is an absolute nightmare for growers. Thankfully, we *currently* live outside the range where the Asian citrus psyllid that spreads the disease can live, so we can very easily grow our citrus organically in pots, as long as we can keep them sheltered from our cold winter temperatures. Let’s hope that many additional resistant citrus cultivars are produced in the near future!

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Foraged Recipes

No-bake pawpaw cheesecake (Asimina triloba) w/ toasted pecan crust

No-bake pawpaw cheesecake (Asimina triloba) w/ toasted pecan crust thumbnail

The most delicious and decadent Asimina triloba / pawpaw dessert you’ll ever eat! This no-bake pawpaw cheesecake is surprisingly easy to make and features the sublime flavors of RAW pawpaw fruit. Since cooked pawpaw can develop off flavors and cause some people GI distress, no-bake cheesecake is a better alternative than baked cheesecake. 


This delicious, picture perfect pawpaw cheesecake recipe had a far from perfect start. Trial and error for the win!

This delicious, picture perfect pawpaw cheesecake recipe had a far from perfect start. Trial and many errors for the win!

A funny pawpaw cheesecake failure 

We feel compelled to tell you how this recipe started, so you can understand how and why it arrived at its final form…

We had 25 pounds of homegrown and foraged pawpaws to eat. It was also Semana de la Tyrana (aka Susan the Tyrant’s birth week).

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2 Comments

  • Reply
    Richard
    October 26, 2022 at 9:01 pm

    I add fruit fresh (citric acid, ascorbic acid) to my pawpaw pulp so it keeps it color longer. I haven’t had any ill affects on the flavor.

    • Reply
      Aaron von Frank
      October 27, 2022 at 10:57 am

      Thanks Richard! Perhaps there was some other chemical reaction beyond any interaction with citric acid in the lemon juice that caused the off flavors in our pawpaw pulp. There also seems to be pretty wide variability between fruit depending on location or even individual genetics, so it’s possible the reaction was specific to the pawpaws we were using, not something that could be generalized to all pawpaw fruit. All we know is that lemon juice was the only thing we added to the pawpaw pulp. The flavor was good/normal when we put it in the fridge at night, but awful by the next morning even though it looked fine and had no visual signs of oxidation.

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Foraged Gardening

How to eat and process pawpaw fruit (Asimina triloba)

How to eat and process pawpaw fruit (Asimina triloba) thumbnail

Find out how to eat a fresh pawpaw or process pawpaw fruit for long-term storage in your freezer.


Table of contents:

I. Quick introduction to pawpaws (Asimina triloba) 
II. Warnings about eating pawpaw fruit
III. Pawpaw harvesting and storage tips
IV. How to eat fresh pawpaws
V. How to process pawpaw fruit for freezer storage
VI. Pawpaw recipes

I. Quick introduction to pawpaws (Asimina triloba)

Are you a first-timer who’s been lucky enough to get your hands on pawpaw fruit (Asimina triloba), North America’s largest — and arguably tastiest — native fruit? Are you now wondering how to eat this strange new fruit?

Pawpaw: from flower to ripe fruit. In our area, pawpaw flowers come out in early March and the ripe fruit is ready to harvest for 2-3 weeks, from late August through mid-September.

Pawpaw: from flower to ripe fruit. In our area, pawpaw flowers emerge in early March. The ripe fruit is ready to harvest for 2-3 weeks, from late August through mid-September, with some variability by year.

Bite into it like an apple? Peel it?

Or are you a forager or orchard gardener with a huge haul of pawpaw fruit? Now you’re trying to figure out how to efficiently get all that delicious pawpaw fruit separated from the skin and seeds so you can store pawpaw in your freezer for later use (aka “process pawpaw fruit”).

Either way, you’ll find the answers to your pawpaw processing questions in this article!

Pawpaw perfection! A ripe pawpaw, cut in half. The taste is like a mango-banana-persimmon.

Pawpaw perfection! A ripe homegrown pawpaw cut in half showing the orange/yellow pulp and the large black seeds inside. 

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18 Comments

  • Reply
    Joe psotka
    October 21, 2023 at 8:26 am

    According to Andrew Moore, lewis and Clark’s expedition had DRIED PAWPAWs and loved them.; so too the Iroquois. Apparently they dried them with lye or ash. So, there may be a way to remove the poisons from dried fruit. Any ideas?

    • Reply
      Aaron von Frank
      October 21, 2023 at 9:40 am

      Perhaps lye and/or hardwood ash would bind whatever toxins in oxidized pawpaw fruit causes GI distress. Personally, it’s just not worth it to us to find out since we’re perfectly happy just eating small amounts of the fresh, raw fruit when it’s in season (and fresh frozen fruit sporadically throughout the year). In addition to pawpaw fruit’s acute toxicity issues, we’re also not too keen on eating large quantities of something that can cause long-term neurodegenerative disease. Another concerning anecdote from this year: we have family a few hours away who made a slushy with their fresh, ripe home-grown pawpaws. Thinking them delicious (which they are), each of the three people who drank the slushy consumed about 1.5 cups of fresh pawpaw pulp. They all spent half of the next day on the toilet. Thankfully, there were three toilets available in their house.

  • Reply
    Amy Salva
    September 4, 2023 at 6:41 pm

    Hoping to distill some paw paw fruit from our backyard. Any thoughts? We have done pear and apple with success. I’m assuming we should only use ripe fruit?

    • Reply
      Aaron von Frank
      September 5, 2023 at 5:32 pm

      If you’re going to make spirits with pawpaw fruit, we’d definitely recommend only using ripe fruit. There’s actually no circumstance under which we’d recommend consuming unripe or under-ripe pawpaw fruit either. For reasons we detail in the article, pawpaw is a fruit we now only eat raw and in moderation. We’d be hesitant to cook or distill it due to the potential for GI distress – if not our own, for other people who may be sensitive. We did have some friends who made a really good pawpaw beer one time.

  • Reply
    Chip
    October 15, 2022 at 10:10 am

    I have two different paw-paw trees planted, both provide more than enough fruits every year. I need to know how to prepare unripe paw=paws for eating, if doable.

    • Reply
      Aaron von Frank
      October 17, 2022 at 10:29 am

      The flavor and texture of unripe pawpaws render them inedible. If you harvest them within 2-3 days of when they’d naturally ripen on the tree you can pick them early and let them ripen on the counter. However, if you pick unripe pawpaws any earlier than that time window, they will not ripen off the tree no matter how long you let them sit. We’ve come to that conclusion based on experimentation with lots of different pawpaw fruit across lots of different trees.

  • Reply
    Bill & Debbie Malone
    September 18, 2022 at 3:04 pm

    Just a note, we live in Southern Indiana & have tons of Paw Paw trees in our woods. Just picked up about 60 fruits. The woods smell so wonderful as the fruit bears a lovely fragrance.

  • Reply
    Gerry Jaworski
    August 3, 2022 at 11:05 am

    A bird dropped seeds apparently. I’m in NW Ohio and this gorgeous looking southern tree brings in at least 50 paw paw fruit. Second year they’ve grown.

    • Reply
      Aaron von Frank
      August 3, 2022 at 11:34 am

      Lucky you! Given the size of pawpaw seeds, it was most likely a mammal (such as a raccoon, possum, or skunk) who brought pawpaw seeds to your yard via their scat. Birds might peck at pawpaw fruit, but they wouldn’t be able to eat the seeds.

  • Reply
    jakohar97
    July 15, 2022 at 3:01 pm

    Very interesting article, I love these things. I enjoy them fresh and have also had jams made from them -delicious! However, when I tried to freeze them they tasted pretty bad. Any ideas why?

    • Reply
      Aaron von Frank
      July 16, 2022 at 7:36 am

      No matter what you do, frozen fruit (including pawpaw fruit) usually doesn’t taste as good as fresh because of the cellular damage that happens during freezing. This effect is made much worse if there’s freezer burn and/or if the fruit is frozen for multiple years prior to consumption. Here are a few things that will help ensure the best possible flavor of frozen pawpaw and other fruit:

      1) Use freezer bags instead of standard ziplocks bags. (Or use silicone bags if you want a plastic alternative.)
      2) Vacuum seal your bags before putting them in your freezer. You can buy devices for this, but I just do it by sealing all but the far corner of a ziplock then sucking the air out with my mouth before quickly sealing the remaining section shut.
      3) Eat your frozen fruit within months or no more than a year.

      Hope this helps!

      • Reply
        jakohar97
        July 19, 2022 at 11:34 pm

        Thank you for the advice!

  • Reply
    Elaine
    September 26, 2021 at 1:07 pm

    Will paw paw trees grow in California (Northern)?

    • Reply
      Aaron von Frank
      September 27, 2021 at 12:30 pm

      Hi Elaine! Pawpaws should do ok in northern California since you have higher humidity, but probably not in southern California where it’s hotter and dryer. What I don’t know about your area is how many winter chill hours you average. Pawpaws generally require a minimum of 400 chill hours/sub-freezing winter temps while they’re dormant in order to produce fruit. There is a lot of pawpaw breeding work going on around the country, so perhaps you could search for: a) pawpaws bred for west coast conditions, and b) pawpaws with lower chill hour requirements. That way, you can be sure to get a cultivar(s) ideally suited to your location. Hope this helps!

    • Reply
      Erik
      May 21, 2025 at 5:48 pm

      I plan on freeze-drying pawpaws this year using no heat.

      Am i wrong to assume it is the heat that activates the irritation people experience? Freeze drying preserves much more of the freshness that food dehydrating cuts out.

      Anyway, i plan on testing my hypothesis this fall.

      • Reply
        Susan von Frank
        May 22, 2025 at 10:54 am

        Eric, It’s hard to say for certain. It sounds to me like it’s actually an oxidative process that’s causing additional problems with pawpaw fruit. Maybe try a small batch of freeze dried pawpaw to see if you or anyone else planning to eat it is going to have sensitivities or negative reactions before you freeze-dry a big batch. Please check back in if you do.

  • Reply
    Brandie Gruenewald
    September 23, 2021 at 7:58 pm

    This article is so helpful. I came across pawpaw last year on a hike by my house. I was like what the heck is this then did my research. By that time, they were all brown and on the ground being eaten by the forest floor. So I marked my calendar for Sept 2021 and here we are! I foraged about 10 from the same park and am using your guide to prepare them as we speak! Thank you so much for the information and inspiration!

    • Reply
      Aaron von Frank
      September 24, 2021 at 12:41 pm

      Ooh, lucky you! Nice to have a wild pawpaw patch near your house. Glad this article was helpful and hope you get to enjoy some pawpaw fruit this year. It’s absolutely delicious. Do keep in mind that there can be some variability between pawpaw ripening time from year to year depending on the weather (example: ours was 3-4 weeks later this year than last year). Can’t hurt to check your spot(s) a little early each year to see how they’re coming along and make sure you don’t miss them. Give those pawpaw trees a good shake and cover your head!

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Recipes

Oven-baked okra: faster, tastier, healthier

Oven-baked okra: faster, tastier, healthier thumbnail

We’re native southerners — South Carolinians to be exact. By default, that means we know a thing or two about fried foods. 

It seems that our fellow southerners fry every from of food imaginable. Whether it walks, swims, flies, or grows from the soil, we’ll find a way to fry it. We’ve even invented ways to fry our sweet tea and coke. (Yes, seriously.) 

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    Recipes

    Fig nibbler: the best fig dessert (with no cane sugar!)

    Fig nibbler: the best fig dessert (with no cane sugar!) thumbnail

    Many pounds of figs were sacrificed on the way to getting this fig dessert recipe perfected. The Tyrant and our toddler were also highly displeased that a nighttime walk was sacrificed during the recipe’s first trial run due to the baking time going way over schedule.       

    Nevertheless, this is a recipe we’re quite proud of because it’s new and it’s so dang good — and it’s pretty healthy to boot. 

    We initially set out to make a fig newton-like recipe that did not contain cane sugar, had mostly whole wheat flour, and a bit of almond flour.

    The results? 

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      Geese

      What to feed geese – all your questions answered!

      What to feed geese - all your questions answered! thumbnail

      Are you trying to find out what to feed geese throughout all four seasons of the year? In this article, you’ll get answers to all of your geese feeding questions — including what NOT to feed them!


      In my first goose article, Top 10 reasons to raise geese, I touched on a top reason to keep geese: they are excellent foragers. As such, geese require relatively little effort and expense to feed.

      But how much food do geese need, and what should you feed them (or not feed them)? In this article, we’ll dive deeper into the year-round nutritional needs and feeding regimen of domestic geese.

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      10 Comments

      • Reply
        Nadrina Walker
        December 21, 2023 at 4:07 am

        LOVE your article.
        I have 6 ducks and have a 25 week old African goose. Raised her from baby.
        Noticed last week she is loosing neck feathers. They are falling out around whole neck… New feathers seem to be regrowing.
        She is healthy and is eating..
        I purchase organic layer from a local farmer.
        She picks out the cracked corn and wheat and soybeans that are not crushed…
        The avian vet [per text visit] seems to think it’s trauma of some sort. I think malnutrition. She was grabbing a cord to light in coop and could’ve hit neck on wall but she doesn’t seem in pain.
        All my ducks are smaller and nobody would pick on her…
        Tonight she wouldn’t eat out of bowl because it was just crumble [ no corn or anything visually whole to eat.
        I added whole wheat [ we just bought 50 lb from elevator] and some fresh layer and she went crazy eating like she was starving.
        I did give her chia and flaxseed yesterday and she picked all of it out thru the layer feed!
        I’m going to try your recipe of corn wheat and flaxseed…
        Any thoughts?
        It’s hard to feed her alone when 6 ducks get interested in her seeds!!
        I’m worried about her neck, not sure what EXACTLY it’s causes but if it’s due to food what is it doing to her bones and body…
        Live in Michigan and grass isn’t really great.
        She did not like Timothy or 2nd cut hay with grass… Plus it’s so long and dry….

        • Reply
          Madia (MJ)
          December 22, 2023 at 11:13 am

          Hey there! Well, the first thing I would suggest is to simply observe if the feathers keep falling out. It seems most likely that feather loss from the back of the neck would have resulted from some sort of minor injury. Honestly, mating was the first thing that came to mind. Would one of your ducks happen to be a drake? I wouldn’t put it past a male duck to try and mate a goose, especially if he was comfortable around her and she tolerated it. Waterfowl are known to get freaky with each other, regardless of sex – or of species (we had a duck that was very fond of our dog and would occasion try to mate him). If your goose is growing new feathers, then I don’t think it’s a malnourishment issue. However, if you would like to see her eating more diversified foods, you could try adding things like peas and lettuce – or use a pellet feed rather than a crumble. Scratch and Peck makes a nice organic pellet and we also love Mazuri Waterfowl. Our geese won’t eat dried grass or hay either, but they will eat lettuce and other fresh fruits and vegetables. I hope that helps. Please send an update if you solve the mystery!

      • Reply
        Erin
        January 18, 2023 at 3:14 pm

        It’s really helpful to read about your annual feeding plans! We fed our Chinese White Geese Mazuri until I realized that it contains fish meal. Although the geese devoured it, I felt that because they are purely vegetarian this was an unnecessary part of their diet. Additionally the geese lost interest in the food once it became waterlogged and much went to waste. I also worried about the sustainability aspect of the fish meal. I haven’t found information on whether this is from fish farms or wild caught fish. Either way there are environmental impacts that I wanted to avoid. Are you aware of the fish meal source?

        • Reply
          Madia (MJ)
          January 24, 2023 at 8:51 am

          Hi, there! I’m glad you found the feeding schedule helpful!

          Yes, I am aware of the fish meal ingredient and thought I had listed the unnecessary protein as a con for Mazuri (apparently only in my head). Geese are mostly herbivores, but do occasionally eat crustaceans or other bugs. You are correct that animal protein is not necessary in their diet.

          As far as the environmental aspect, I am aware of the negatives around fish meal; however I have found that almost every food has negative externalities associated with it. It is nearly impossible to find “perfect” food so this is a major reason why I stress letting geese (and ducks, chickens, etc!) free range as much as possible.

          I certainly respect your decision to not use Mazuri; it’s not perfect but it’s the best nutritionally balanced food I’ve found. For us, the floating food is essential to minimize waste; our sheep, alpacas, and dog will eat any food left out. In addition to the geese not getting enough to eat when the sheep are crowding in, most bird food is toxic to sheep. Of course, not everyone has this issue! (And before we had sheep and a dog, the deer would help themselves).

          One thought with the pellets getting water logged- do you think you were over feeding? I used to run into the same problem when I throwing too much into the pond in the winter – I assumed they were the hungriest that time of year! Turns out they are most ravenous in the late fall and eat much less in the colder months than one would think.

          Do you have a favorite brand of food for your geese?

      • Reply
        Michele Logan
        January 16, 2023 at 10:44 pm

        Hello Madia,

        Thanks for this great information. We currently have 7 ducks (soon to be 13) and a Guardian Pilgrim Goose named Queen that we raised with a few of last year’s ducklings. She is awesome. I have read differing opinions about the fact that if you add more than one goose to the flock then they are no longer good guardians because they want to be with the other geese. What is your opinion on the whole Guardian Goose situation? I’d like to add at least one more goose to give Queen a friend. Thanks for your help.

        • Reply
          Madia (MJ)
          January 19, 2023 at 12:39 pm

          I have also heard differing accounts about guardian geese “abandoning their post” (so to speak) as flock guardians when they are introduced to other geese.

          My personal experience has been this:

          We adopted a pair of geese that had been raised with ducks. Even though they had each other, they considered the ducks family, and always stayed with them.

          When we first adopted this goose/duck flock we kept them within sight of, but separated from, our existing goose flock. Once we integrated everyone, the adopted pair of geese remained with the duck flock… for a time.

          Eventually, the two geese integrated with our larger goose flock (about 10 other geese, none of which were bonded with ducks) and slowly lost interest in the ducks.

          However, the DUCKS still followed the geese around and benefited from the proximity of the larger birds. The problem was that the ducks had no hope of keeping up if the geese decided to cover ground quickly.

          If I were you, I would raise a gosling/s with Queen and the duck flock so that the new goose is bonded with the ducks, too. I think this will be your best bet to keep Queen interested in staying with her ducks.

          I love the idea of having more than one “guard goose” because geese will take turns keeping watch, and look out for each other as well as their smaller charges. Geese will sound alarms and try to get everyone to safety but are no match for a fox or even a raccoon when it comes down to it.

          Good luck and please let me know how it goes!

      • Reply
        Aeris
        November 3, 2022 at 12:47 am

        I’m going to be visiting relatives in another state and have friends who will watch my five geese and eleven ducks. Unfortunately the waterfowl who all have either access to grass or actual pasture at home will be confined indoors where they will be. I am worried about the sudden dietary change affecting them negatively. How can this change be made easier for them to adjust to?

        • Reply
          Madia (MJ)
          November 4, 2022 at 1:32 pm

          Hi Aeris! It sounds like your flock has such an idyllic home with you! Do you give your flock any supplemental feed in addition to their foraging? Here in Colorado, we started to supplement about a month ago as new growth began to slow. If you haven’t started supplementing yet, I would start that now so that they get used to the new food. For a temporary situation like this, I don’t think you need to be concerned with your flock getting their perfect nutrition. Just like humans, good food is most important when considered as part of the whole life span, and a few days (or weeks) is not going to affect us adversely in the long run! Offering food and snacks they love will reduce the stress while you’re away, but you don’t need to worry about adverse health conditions stemming from the diet for a short period such as this.

      • Reply
        Myrlene Frady
        September 1, 2022 at 12:39 pm

        I have Sebastopol Geese and Toulouse Geese. My Gander was taken in from a farm dispersal, I’ve had him 3 years now.. He had kind of Angel wing looking feathers but instead of turning out they sort of hang down. I thought when he’d molt they would correct but this year there’s more feathers but hang more . Suggestions / cause???
        I feed Kalmbach duck and goose feed. The Masuri feed became too hard to find last year and I didn’t think changing back and forth to chicken feed when Masuri wasn’t available was a bad idea. They free range on 10 acres , have a small pond but also a pool for them , even when it snows they get a pool filled . I’m in upstate NewYork on the NY /PA line. Am I doing right by them

        • Reply
          Madia (MJ)
          September 1, 2022 at 2:43 pm

          Hi Mrylene! Great questions. It sounds like you are describing “slipped wing.” Like Angel Wing, this is a cosmetic issue, often caused by the wrong protein ratios when he was growing. Although nutritional deficiencies (too little protein) can cause these types of issues, so can too much protein. And sometimes these things happen because domestic geese have been bred to grow very fast; their wings become too heavy for their bodies and they have difficulty supporting them when they are young, leading to strain on the developing joints.

          Unfortunately, both Slipped Wing and Angel Wing are not fixable once the goose has grown to maturity. Sometimes we can correct the joint position and support proper bone growth by securing the wings with a bandage to bring the wing into correct placement, but this is only an option when they are still developing.

          I’ve heard good things about Kalmbach, but haven’t used it myself (side note: you can now order Mazuri through Chewy!). It sounds like your geese have a wonderful free-ranging life – I think the type of food they are fed only becomes critical if they are confined. Free-ranging geese, such as yours, will thrive wonderfully, regardless of the type of supplemental food they get over the winter.

          I hope this helps! Thank you for reading!

      Leave a Reply

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      Ducks

      11 reasons why you should not get ducks

      11 reasons why you should not get ducks thumbnail

      Are you considering raising ducks? Make sure you read these 11 reasons why you should NOT raise ducks before you dive in!


      Why we’re trying to talk you out of raising ducks

      We’re duck fanatics who’ve raised ducks for over a decade. We’ve also helped countless other families successfully raise ducks. So why are we trying to talk you out of raising ducks in this article?

      Because we want you to be well-prepared, committed duck parents with a clear-headed notion of what’s involved with raising ducks BEFORE you get them. Here’s why:

      • We’ve seen countless abandoned ducks dumped at nearby ponds and lakes once their human families decide ducks are too much responsibility. (Virtually all abandoned ducks will die a terrible death in the wild because they don’t know how to fend for themselves or find food — and they’re flightless.)
      • Our area waterfowl rescue operations are full of domestic ducks who have been injured or made sick due to human neglect and/or abandonment. (See our interview with Carolina Waterfowl Rescue founder, Jennifer Gordon.)
      • We see and hear about people who keep their ducks in horrid conditions, and their ducks end up needlessly suffering, sick, or dead as a result.
      • We see and hear about people who didn’t properly prepare for having backyard ducks, so their ducks end up falling prey to predators (even in cities and highly urbanized areas).
      These members of our flock came from Carolina Waterfowl Rescue after being abandoned by their previous owners.

      These members of our flock came from Carolina Waterfowl Rescue after being abandoned by their previous owners.

      Yes, ducklings and ducks are adorable and can be wonderful pets. Yes, they produce great eggs. From the outside, getting ducks might seem like a wonderful idea.

      The problem is, many new duck parents haven’t properly considered the costs, knowledge, planning, and daily responsibility that goes along with being good duck parents. We don’t want you to make the same mistake! 

      11 reasons you should not get ducks

      Below is a rundown of what’s involved and what you can expect if you get ducks — and why you might NOT want to get them in the first place. If you still want to get ducks AFTER you know what’s involved with being responsible duck parents, then carry on!

      1. Adult ducks require a lot of specialized care.

      If you’re thinking you can just set your ducks free to take care of themselves, think again. Ducklings and ducks require a lot of care such as:

      A. Ducks have to be put up in a secure location/coop at night and let out in the morning.

      Ducks don’t roost like chickens, but they still need a safe, secure house/coop with bedding that gets topped up regularly to prevent foot injuries caused from standing in their own waste.

      A well-designed coop and/or run is also essential for keeping your ducks safe from predators. Note: You can keep ducks permanently in a secured run for fail-safe security.

      See our articles:

      B. Ducks need quality duck/waterfowl-specific feed and fresh drinking water provided daily.

      Ducks (and especially ducklings) have specialized nutritional needs. Ideally, you can also provide them with fresh produce daily or at least a few times per week such as chopped lettuce, kale, tomatoes, peas, etc.

      More on this topic in #7 below!

      C. Ducks need water to swim in for optimal health and happiness.

      Ducks take water baths, chickens take dust baths. Your adult ducks will at least need access to a kiddie pool to swim in if you want them to be their happiest, healthiest selves. Or you might consider building a self-cleaning backyard duck pond using our design.

      Raising ducks - ducks need water to swim and clean in. Our ducks taking a swim on a snowy morning in their self-cleaning backyard pond. Things to know before you get ducks - ducks need water.

      Our ducks taking a swim on a snowy morning in their self-cleaning backyard pond. You don’t have to go to these lengths to provide your ducks with water to clean and play in, but ducks do need a daily water source for optimal health.

      Do note that a pre-existing wild pond on your property also contains wild animals that can and will eat ducklings and adult ducks alike. Snapping turtles and birds of prey kill adult ducks on ponds. And countless animals — from largemouth bass to snakes to turtles — will also eat ducklings.

      Having an existing pond on your property for your future ducks may not be an asset — or something that you’ll want to allow your ducks to have access to without putting protective systems in place first.

      2. Baby ducklings require even more care than adult ducks.

      Ducklings are like human babies in that they require far more care than adults. Without proper food, warmth, shelter, and living conditions, they’ll become sick, injured, or die.

      Raising ducklings - Ducklings might be the cutest animals in the world, but they're also among the most vulnerable, requiring lots of care from their adult duck or human parents.

      Ducklings might be the cutest animals in the world, but they’re also among the most vulnerable, requiring lots of care and protection from their adult duck or human parents.

      If you want to get ducklings, plan for a huge daily time commitment and lots of mess during the ~8 weeks it takes them to reach adult size.   

      (See: Step-by-step guide to raising ducklings.)

      3. Most vets aren’t AVIAN vets.

      Even under the best care, ducks will occasionally get sick or injured, sometimes requiring medical care. (The same is true for any other pet or animal.)

      Over the years, we’ve learned how to identify and treat common duck medical problems. If you raise ducks, you’ll probably end up doing the same — see our duck healthcare guide.

      However, if a duck is suffering from a medical problem that: a) you can’t identify, and/or b) is beyond what you can effectively or humanely treat at home, then they need to be brought to a vet immediately.

      However, most vets are NOT avian vets, e.g. vets specifically trained to treat birds. They likely know a lot about common pets like cats and dogs, but they don’t have a high degree of medical knowledge/training about birds (including ducks).

      Ideally, you can find an avian vet in your area before you get ducks using the AAV.org’s avian vet finder. If you happen to live anywhere near Greenville-Spartanburg in South Carolina, we highly recommend our duck vet, Dr. Hurlbert at Healthpointe Vet Clinic in Duncan, SC.

      4. You can’t get just one duck.

      Ducks are highly social creatures who need other ducks around to feel happy and safe. That’s why it’s a bad idea to get only one duck.

      A single duck is not a happy duck! Ducks are highly social animals that need other ducks around to feel safe and happy.

      “Where’s my flock?!” A single duck is not a happy duck! Ducks are highly social animals that need other ducks around to feel safe and happy.

      How many ducks should you get? It depends, but we recommend starting small, with only a few ducks. Once you gain experience, you can get more ducks. 

      Other important considerations we answer elsewhere:

      5. If you don’t properly prepare in advance, your ducks will be killed by predators.

      Ducks are indeed “sitting ducks” to virtually all predators. Neighborhood dogs, large cats, raccoons, possums, hawks, owls, coyotes, bobcats, ferrets… There is a long list of animals who want to and will eat your ducks — if allowed the opportunity.

      Think living in a suburban or urban environment will keep your ducks safe? Nope. These environments are even more densely populated by predators like raccoons than rural environments, sometimes by a factor of 5-to-1. We’ve had plenty of friends find this out the hard way.

      In fact, one of our friends who lives a mile from downtown Greenville, SC, got three large geese to help protect her flock of ducks from raccoons. We’ll leave out the grisly details, but after a few raccoon attacks (including daytime attacks), she ended up with only one goose and a few less ducks.

      Our home is surrounded by predators, but we’ve never lost a duck to predation (knock on wood) in the many years we’ve been duck parents — and we don’t want you to either.

      See: 17 tips to keep your ducks safe from predators.

      6. Ducks can live for a long time.

      Want to get a pet that only lives for a couple years while your kids are young? Don’t get ducks! Get hamsters.

      Domesticated ducks can live for a long time. While the lifespan of a lucky wild Mallard is about 5 years, a domestic Mallard-derived duck can live for 10-20 years. General rules:

      • smaller breeds live longer than larger breeds;
      • females of breeds that lay fewer eggs live longer than females of high-producing breeds;
      • males live longer than females within the same breed since their bodies are not taxed by reproduction.

      What’s the upper limit? We’ve seen credible reports of domestic ducks living up to 20 years old. We have ducks in our flock who are over a decade old and still going strong.

      On the flip side of this equation, be prepared for you and your family to fall in love with your ducks and be completely heartbroken when you lose a duck you love. Also consider having a succession plan if something happens to you, and your ducks need a new home. 

      Svetlana the duck enjoying kisses from The Tyrant. Svetlana was the most sociable and intelligent duck we've ever known. Losing her in 2018 was one of the hardest things we've ever endured.

      Svetlana the duck enjoying kisses from The Tyrant. Svetlana was the most sociable and intelligent duck we’ve ever known. Losing her was one of the hardest things we’ve ever endured.

      7. Ducklings and ducks have specialized dietary needs.

      Feed a duckling chicken/chick food and it will likely end up crippled due to lack of niacin. Adult ducks also have different macronutrient requirements than adult chickens.

      Our ducks get to eat insects, slugs, worms, and greens when we let them out to forage our gardens in the evenings. However, we still make sure they get specific food and supplements to optimize their health.

      Our ducks get to eat insects, slugs, worms, and greens when we let them out to forage our gardens in the evenings. However, we still make sure they get waterfowl-specific food and supplements to optimize their health.

      Further reading on this topic:

      8. You will NOT save money by getting ducks or producing your own duck eggs.

      Yes, duck eggs are amazingly delicious and more nutritious than chicken eggs. Yes, duck eggs are also expensive at the store (assuming you can find them).

      However, if your main reason for getting backyard ducks is to save money on duck eggs, please do NOT get ducks. Why? Because you won’t save money.

      We think you should come to this realization before you get ducks rather than after so that you’re less likely to abandon the project — and your ducks.

      Go ahead, give me your credit card. What's the worst that could happen? Things to know before you get ducks.

      Go ahead, give me your credit card. What’s the worst that could happen?

      Typical commercial egg production operations are designed for maximum efficiency: warehouse living environment, bulk duck feed prices, rapid culling of sick or older birds, etc. They don’t give their ducks names, give them optimal veterinary care, and consider them pets/family members. That’s not what they’re designed for.

      Instead of trying to produce the cheapest possible duck eggs from your flock, aim to provide your ducks with the highest quality of life and enjoy the highest quality eggs as a happy byproduct. (We like to say our pets make our breakfast.)

      However, after building your duck coop or a single trip to your avian vet, you’ll quickly realize duck ownership is not going to produce a good return on investment (ROI) relative to the financial value of the eggs your ducks produce. (More on duck egg economics, er, egg-onomics?)

      9. Not all duck breeds are created equal.

      Each duck breed has different attributes. Some produce more eggs. Some are better foragers. Some have a calmer temperament and make better pets…

      Depending on which duck attributes are most important to you and your family, you should pay careful attention to the breed(s) of duck you get to make sure you get the best match. We started with Welsh Harlequin ducks because they were a great fit for us, but there are lots of other great breeds out there to choose from for your first ducks. (Today, we have six breeds.)

      Jackson the duck, one of our Welsh Harlequins. Jackson is happy with bill pets, belly pets, flipper rubs, head scratches, and other human affections. Just make sure you reward her with tomatoes afterwards.

      Jackson, one of our Welsh Harlequins and also one of the sweetest ducks we’ve ever had. She enjoyed bill pets, belly pets, flipper rubs, head scratches, and other human affections and was rewarded with her favorite treat (chunks of tomatoes) afterwards. She lived to be ten years old. 

      Check out our duck breed comparison article to help you calculate a numerical score to impartially determine the breed(s) that best fit your needs and wants.

      10. Ducks are a gateway drug to more ducks.

      Ducks are hilarious, adorable, quirky clowns that you’re very likely to fall head-over-flippers in love with. The mental health professionals in our family may not concur, but we suspect ducks may well become an undiagnosed addiction.

      Your first thoughts in the morning will be about ducks. You’ll think about ducks throughout the day, and again before you go to sleep.

      Depending on the severity of your addiction, you may find yourself abandoning all reason and having diapered ducks rampaging through your house, tormenting your other pets, sleeping in your bed at night, and destroying any chance you once had of a normal social life. (“Sorry I can’t go this weekend because our duck sitter isn’t available.”)

      There is no hope and no treatment should this become your fate. All you can do is connect with other duck addicts on social media, at which point you’ll be jealous of people who have even more ducks than you do. So before you decide to experiment with your first ducks, you should be warned that ducks are a gateway drug to more ducks for many people who try them, even if you don’t inhale.

      Related:

      11. You may not be able to legally own ducks where you live.

      Obviously, all the other points mentioned above are rendered moot if you can not legally own ducks in the first place. For instance, your Homeowner Association (HOA) may have restrictions against having backyard poultry. Or your municipal/city regulations may have poultry restrictions.

      For instance, people living within the city limits of Greenville, SC, where we live, can not have more than seven poultry in their yard. (Thankfully, we live outside of the city limits!)

      This is something you need to check into BEFORE you get ducks. Otherwise, you might be legally forced to re-home them, which will be a painful and challenging process.


      You won’t save money on eggs, your (human) social life will suffer, and you’ll have a lot of extra responsibilities for many years to come. Sold on ducks yet? Yay! You’re our kind of people. 

      Next step: check out our beginner’s guide to raising ducks


       
      the impractical guide to keeping pet and backyard ducks banner
      Want to see a video summary of this article? Check out our Google Web Story about things you should know BEFORE you raise ducks… or browse the latest and greatest duck articles on Tyrant Farms!

      Before you should get ducks, you should have an idea of what's involved and be prepared. Here are 10 things you should know before getting ducks. #tyrantfarms #raisingducks #backyardducks #homesteading

      4 Comments

      • Reply
        Tanya
        May 14, 2023 at 5:27 pm

        Thank you for this article. Everyone thinking of getting ducks should read this.

      • Reply
        Christina Z
        April 14, 2023 at 11:04 am

        So, i wish i had done more research before getting ducklings. I didn’t know about adding the niacin until i had them for a week. Now they are around 3 weeks and one of my ducklings is acting weak. I’m assuming from niacin deficiency. I’ve been giving them nutritional yeast. Yesterday when i saw she wasn’t moving, i started extra niacin and peas. She seemed more animated in her Tub time this morning but still doesn’t want to walk outside of the tub. Would you take them to an avión vet or just keep pumping the niacin items? She’s eating, pooping and drinking fine otherwise.

        • Reply
          Aaron von Frank
          April 16, 2023 at 10:51 am

          Hi Christina! It sounds like the addition of niacin in your ducklings’ diet is moving things in the right direction. Keep a close eye on the one who appears weak and if she doesn’t continue to show progress after a few days, a visit to an avian vet may be prudent.

      • Reply
        Aleksie
        March 28, 2022 at 2:00 pm

        I wanna build a duck farm cuz in my country curry duck is in abundance

      Leave a Reply

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      Foraged Gardening

      Florida betony: how to ID, grow (in containers) & eat

      Florida betony: how to ID, grow (in containers) & eat thumbnail

      Florida betony (Stachys floridana) is an attractive, low-growing plant in the mint family that produces delicious edible tubers. Arguably native to Florida, these plants are often considered an aggressive weed and should only be grown in containers if intentionally cultivated. 


      Continue Reading

      6 Comments

      • Reply
        Felicity
        June 2, 2023 at 11:48 pm

        I’ve wondered for so long what this type of mint plant in my yard was. It resembled a California hedge/nettle. It wasn’t until I was digging in the yard this spring I found about 50 of these about 4-8inches long! I thought it was a type of larvae but I was wrong! They’re delicious

        • Reply
          Aaron von Frank
          June 3, 2023 at 6:36 am

          Ha! Yes, Florida betony does indeed produce a delicious edible tuber. We love them. Just wish the plants were a little easier to control, but they can be contained in grow bags and pots, which also makes harvesting easier. Once it’s in your yard, I’d imagine it’s very difficult to control.

      • Reply
        Daphne Atkins
        May 22, 2023 at 10:24 am

        I always enjoy learning about edibles found in the wild. Looks like we are neighbors I live at Lake Bowen but bought property in Dacusville where I am building. Could you suggest where I might get a few tubers to plant ?

      • Reply
        Melissa Tressler
        March 29, 2023 at 11:44 am

        Thank you for the information! I was clearing out a small area for an herb garden at my boyfriend’s house, and came across these and found your article doing a Google image search from a picture I took off then. I thought they might be some sort of carrot. I’m looking forward to throwing them in a stir+fry that I’m making tomorrow. So Jimmy’s place is not too far from the area where your mom lives. We’re in Myrtle Beach, SC, one mile from the ocean; I guess these little plants must like the beach life too.

        • Reply
          Aaron von Frank
          March 29, 2023 at 4:11 pm

          Glad you found our information about Florida betony! Let us know what you think once you’ve had a chance to eat them. We think they’re delicious. Yes, the plant seems to be able to tolerate lots of different soil types and salinity levels. Cheers from Greenville, SC, (where Florida betony also grows) to you and your family in Myrtle Beach.

      Leave a Reply

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      Foraged Gardening

      Steam juicer: the fastest, easiest way to process elderberries

      Steam juicer: the fastest, easiest way to process elderberries thumbnail

      If you grow elderberries like we do, you may also dread elderberry season and the many hours of time it takes to remove the small berries from the stems after harvest. Good news: a steam juicer can cut your elderberry processing time down from multiple hours to a few minutes. In this article, we’ll show you how!


      Elderberry nightmares

      We’ve been growing Sambucus canadensis elderberry varieties for over a decade. We love the small yet delectable edible flowers and black-purple ripe berries elderberry plants produce. 

      Having jars of homegrown, homemade elderberry syrup on hand is one of our hacks for keeping our immune systems primed for virus battles throughout the year. (See How to make elderberry syrup and How to avoid getting sick & feel better.)

      Nevertheless, we have recurring nightmares about elderberry season that go something like this: we’re surrounded by giant bowls full of ripe elderberries on the stems. A clock is ticking in the background as the fruit begins to degrade. No matter how fast and how many elderberries we pull off the stems, more giant bowls of elderberries pile up behind them.

      Each year from late July through mid August, we awaken from this nightmare to find that the nightmare is in fact real…

      Our toddler inspects a giant bowl of elderberries. We're thankful he won't have to grow up in a world where such sights evoke nightmares.

      Our toddler inspects a large bowl of freshly picked elderberries. We’re thankful he won’t have to grow up in a world where such sights evoke nightmares.

      Continue Reading

      16 Comments

      • Reply
        Jonty
        November 23, 2024 at 4:53 pm

        I had heard that the heat from the steam method reduces the medicinal qualities of the juice quite a bit which is why cold pressing is recommended, or do you think this is not the case?

        • Reply
          Aaron von Frank
          November 25, 2024 at 7:43 am

          Hi Jonty! There are multiple compounds in elderberries that have medicinal qualities. I’m not sure anyone knows the degree to which any of those compounds are degraded by heat. My guess is not much. However, if you want to go with an uncooked elderberry syrup recipe that is also probiotic, check out our fermented elderberry syrup recipe here: https://www.tyrantfarms.com/fermented-elderberry-syrup/. I’d be a little wary of cold-pressed elderberry syrup depending on the dose and frequency with which you plan to consume it, since the uncooked seeds are relatively high in cyanogenic glycosides (assuming the seeds are also smashed in the process).

      • Reply
        Marilyn T
        October 2, 2023 at 3:23 pm

        I prepared my elderberries in my steam juicer last year… and then threw it all out after reading about the poisonous compounds in the stems. I was worried that they may have been released into the juice during the steaming process. It sure is a lot easier than picking it off the stems, but are you really sure that it is safe?

        • Reply
          Aaron von Frank
          October 2, 2023 at 9:53 pm

          Good question, thanks Marilyn! We do trim off the larger stem pieces on our elderberry umbels (see pictures in article) just out of an abundance of caution, but that might not be necessary. There’s virtually no liquid in the elderberry stems, therefore nothing (or only trace amounts) of liquid from the stems is going into the final elderberry juice. If we were boiling the whole stems in the juice then straining them, that might be a different story.

          Do note that all parts of the elderberry plant including the ripe berries contain some cyanogenic glycosides (CNGs). So do many other plants people eat — stone fruit, apples, cashews, lima beans, etc. Dosage is key to toxicity. In fact, certain CNGs at low dosages are actually being used and tested in modern science as medical treatments! Also, whether or not the specific types of CNGs found in elderberries hydrolyze to become hydrogen cyanide (HCN) depends on the specific type of CNG and the processing method. Steam juicing seems like a very safe method of processing since it’s only extracting liquid from the ripe fruit, which is the part of the plant shown in research to have the lowest amounts of CNGs relative to any other part of the plant.

          Note this rather remarkable statement in a recent review on the safety of elderberry products, both commercial and homemade: “A review of the medical literature revealed no reports of elderberry juice poisoning in the past 30 years.” That’s an amazing track record. People being people, if no person has managed to poison or kill themselves on elderberries in that timespan, that means they’re a very safe plant for human use.

          Finally and anecdotally, note that our family has been regularly consuming our steam-juiced elderberry juice for two years. Our son has had an elderberry popsicle every day for the past 2-3 months. We’re all thriving and experiencing zero ill effects from our elderberry habit. 🙂

      • Reply
        Beverly
        September 19, 2023 at 8:44 pm

        I also use my steam juicer for those small plums that grow on the “decorative” plum trees with the red leaves. The plum juice is so tart and delicious. Otherwise the pits are a huge hassle to deal with so those plums don’t get used.

      • Reply
        Laurie
        September 13, 2023 at 1:07 pm

        Thank you for sharing your experience with steam juicing elderberries. Almost all the berries ripened at once this year, and we are buried in berries. I agree with your descriptions of the other “speedy” methods – they don’t work well with our berries.

        After gifting boxes of berries to friends and picking them over for hours, we’re stilled swamped, so we’re going to try the apple press on the remaining berries to process them before they spoil. I ordered a steam juicer to try for a later picking.

        On an unrelated note, we are duck people, too. The Duck Patrol has run of the gardens and orchards and makes an amazing difference in pest control. We have a mixed flock of runners and khaki campbells, and the youngest khaki mixes laid their first eggs today.

        • Reply
          Aaron von Frank
          September 13, 2023 at 1:30 pm

          Elderberry overload is real — and stressful! We were reminded again this year how much we love our steam juicer for elderberries. We were bringing buckets of elderberry clusters in each night during peak season and it only took a few minutes to process them instead of many, many hours like previous years. Granted we still have to boil down the juice and can it, but the actual juice removal process is ridiculously easy now.

          Another little tip is not to do your elderberry juice/syrup canning every night. Instead, build up jars of steam-juiced elderberry juice throughout the week in your fridge, then cook it down and can it about once every 7-10 days.

          We should also note that elderberries are pretty much the only fruit that we recommend juicing. With other fruit, we prefer to eat it fresh and whole or keep it whole with whatever processing and/or storing technique chosen.

      • Reply
        Dawneen Dostert
        August 7, 2023 at 9:41 am

        My sister ended up with Mom’s old steamer juicer. Sis was going to get rid of it and I said I’d take it. Sis said the hose was no good so I simply got a replacement hose. I’ve used it to make many jars of elderberry and aronia berry juices. We are going to have a bumper crop of grapes this year, too. I appreciate this article on juicing without full stem removal. It gives me hope that I can process the berries without taking all my very short time available for canning. I have pretty much taken over gardening and canning for my 91 year old mother. She has been a Master Gardener, Food Preserver, and other related things. I’m blessed to live on her property and benefit from her knowledge, but there are always others, like yourselves, to learn from.

        • Reply
          Aaron von Frank
          August 7, 2023 at 10:26 am

          Thanks for your kind note, Dawneen! Sounds like a great place to live. Frankly, I used to dread elderberry season because separating the berries from the stems was so time-consuming and it would take me hours each day while the berries were in season. Now, I love elderberry season because extracting the juice to make elderberry syrup or other elderberry treats is so easy. We simply cut the berry clusters from the plant and stick them in the steam juicer, stems and all. The stems have no juice in them so the only thing that ends up in the juice compartment is juice from ripe berries. Hope you and your mother enjoy your bountiful harvests!

      • Reply
        Julie
        January 30, 2023 at 12:40 pm

        Hi! I have a steam juicer and rarely use it because I don’t like the tube part. I notice you say you remove from the heat and pour out the pan of juice. Is that correct? Thank you! Might inspire me to try it again!

        • Reply
          Aaron von Frank
          January 30, 2023 at 2:11 pm

          Hi Julie! Whether or not you utilize the tube on your steam juicer during the steam extraction process depends on: 1) the ingredients you’re steaming, 2) the quantity of the ingredients, and 3) personal preference. We prefer to clamp the tube on our steam juicer during cooking and pour out the juice once the steaming process is done. The less our ingredients can touch plastic, the better, as far as we’re concerned. But bottom line: you don’t have to use the tube on a steam juicer if you don’t want to, assuming your juicer comes with a clamp or plug.

      • Reply
        Suzanne schreiber
        September 2, 2022 at 10:29 am

        I have a steamer juicer which I use mainly for making my Concorde grape juice. This will be the first year I use it for my elderberries which I began growing. I do have a question why is there part of the flower/brown left on the end of the tiny berries. Wondering if I am doing something wrong during the growing season.

        • Reply
          Aaron von Frank
          September 2, 2022 at 11:08 am

          You’re not doing anything wrong per se, these are just the desiccated elder flowers that didn’t get “pushed off” the berries as they matured. A few ways you can help make that happen: irrigate your elderberry plants to make sure the berries reach maximum size. The larger the berry, the more likely they are to pop the old flowers off. Also, if you don’t get much rain, you might actually want to use overhead irrigation on your elderberry plants in order to ensure that the berry clusters (and the drying flowers) get wet a couple times per week. Water will help decompose and loosen the old flowers. Small elderberries + relatively dry conditions = higher likelihood of the desiccated flowers staying on the berries.

          We should also note that this is simply a cosmetic issue. Even though they may look unattractive, those old flowers won’t negatively impact the flavor of your elderberry juice/syrup. Best of luck steam juicing your elderberries this year – it made such a huge difference to us and put countless hours back in our pocket.

      • Reply
        April Gordon
        August 4, 2022 at 7:54 am

        Great news! I have also processed elderberries the laborious way you discuss. The time it takes has led me to forego picking the berries and leave them for the birds to enjoy. This new steamer sounds like a great way to solve the problem. Have you discovered any other uses for the steamer for other fruits or vegetables. Anyway, thanks for this welcome information.

        • Reply
          Aaron von Frank
          August 4, 2022 at 11:14 am

          Apparently, it works on a wide range of fruits and even other edible plant parts. Thus far, we’ve only used it on elderberries. We generally don’t drink a lot of juice, so elderberries might be the only thing we use our steam juicer for. However, with muscadine and scuppernong grape season on the horizon, we might be breaking out the steam juicer again for a few small batches of homemade grape juice!

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      Recipes

      Peach breakfast bread (aka quick bread)

      Peach breakfast bread (aka quick bread) thumbnail

      Peach quick bread? Peach breakfast bread? Whatever you decide to call this recipe, you’ll love it. Made with fresh peaches, buttermilk, white whole wheat flour, and almond flour, it’s wholesome and delicious!


      We’re nearly out of fresh homegrown peaches now, but we’re going to do our best to come up with another peach recipe or three before the season officially ends. 

      This peach breakfast bread is one of those recipes. We call this type of bread a “breakfast bread” but they’re also called “quick breads.” Since it is both quick to make and ideal for breakfast, you might also call it quick peach breakfast bread.   

      We’ll leave that decision to you. 

      You can also serve peach breakfast bread with brunch of lunch, but that might magically transform it into peach quick bread.

      You can also serve peach breakfast bread with brunch of lunch, but that might magically transform it into peach quick bread.

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        In Depth

        Reflections on our place in the food system and beyond

        Reflections on our place in the food system and beyond thumbnail

        We’re outside a lot. We grow and forage a decent portion of what we eat, not because we’re chasing the impossible illusion or self-sufficiency, but because of the joys, flavors, health benefits, and education such pursuits bring.

        Thus, we get to see a side of things not immediately evident at a grocery store or restaurant where the consumer is several degrees removed from the source of their calories. Things seem comparatively pleasant there, in their tidy aisles or artistically plated pomp and pageantry.

        For us animate, carbon-based organisms, every calorie expended is borrowed [1] from something else. The energy required for your brain to read this sentence comes from another organism you ate, which often requires that organism’s death. (Example: Broccoli is the undeveloped genitals of a slaughtered brassica plant.)

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        Recipes

        Peach gazpacho – a delicious, chilled summer soup

        Peach gazpacho - a delicious, chilled summer soup thumbnail

        Peach gazpacho is a chilled summer soup that’s a slightly sweet, peachy spin on the traditional tomato-cucumber version of gazpacho. If you’ve got an abundance of fresh peaches and enjoy chilled summer soups, this is a recipe you’ll love!


        Love for chilled summer soup, specifically gazpacho? Check.

        Lots of fresh peaches? Check. 

        This is us. If it sounds like you, too, let’s be friends and make peach gazpacho! It’s stupid easy. All you need is a knife and a food processor or blender. 

        Peach gazpacho served chilled with a topping of immature basil flower buds and bronze fennel flowers.

        Peach gazpacho served chilled with a topping of immature basil flower buds and bronze fennel flowers.

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        • Reply
          Chris David
          July 28, 2022 at 1:33 am

          I loved this recipe so much . It’s really awesome

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        Ducks In Depth

        This is your brain. This is your brain on ducks. Any questions?

        This is your brain. This is your brain on ducks. Any questions? thumbnail

        We co-authored this unpopular opinion piece with our ducks…

        You’ve probably spent time around other highly social organisms (example: dogs, even though they’re not nearly as brilliant as ducks). If so, you start to notice each individual within such a species has a distinct personality, one which is partially baked in due to its particular neuroanatomy coupled with how that neuroanatomy manifests within and is molded by the broader environment it inhabits. At a macro level, you might also notice certain broad personality clusters based on behavior tendencies/default modes.

        For instance, some of our ducks seem much more inclined to venture off and explore new spots (if allowed), and are also more inclined to willingly approach the large bipeds that manage their existence just in case we happen to have a tomato or other treat in hand. (Let’s refer to this general grouping as the “try new stuff” ducks, or TNSs.)

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        • Reply
          Diana Cohen Robinson
          July 23, 2022 at 11:44 am

          I adopted two little girl ducks at three days old, dumped on someone’s porch. They live a good life in our back garden and eat tomatoes every day! Love this piece! Thank you.

          • Reply
            Aaron von Frank
            July 24, 2022 at 4:32 pm

            Thanks for the kind words and thanks also for taking care of your abandoned ducks! It sounds like you’ve long since had things figured out. 🙂

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        Native Passion Fruit (Passiflora Incarnata): How To Grow, Forage, & Eat How to hatch goose eggs – tips, tricks, and troubleshooting How to hatch duck eggs via a mama duck or incubator Best EDIBLE plants to grow in shade (fruit, herbs & veggies) Understanding duck mating & courtship 9 amazing duck facts that will blow your human mind